Introduction
Migration is a Global / Universal fact. Its scope, complexity, and impact are permanently changeable like Migration in Georgia. Recently, each state of the world is receiving, originating, or transiting migrants at the same time. The opportunities for human development, employment, and remuneration are extremely unequal which is the main device of migration.
It is said that migration represents the greatest potential for mankind, However, sometimes it is not a choice, but an obligation- people frequently change their residence by force which is pretty stressful. Migration is an act of changing living place and mobility is a liberty that can be realized through migration. Changing a place of residence is not always an expression of human freedom. For instance, in the case of human trafficking, the act of changing the place of residence is present, but it is carried out by coercion or deception.[1]
[1] Jolia G. “International Economic Relationships” 2015
Body paragraphs
Population Labor migration is one of the popular issues within the processes of ongoing globalization. Deteriorated social-economic circumstances, unemployment, and wrong policy system carried out by the government facilitate the amplification of internal and external labor migration in terms of human resources management.
Labor migration is much more crucial for the world economy. It represents the global phenomenon that affects the social-economic development of different states. there is no kind of international statistical definition for labor migration. However, it may be explained as follows: labor migration is defined as moving from one place to another place for employment purposes.
It may be carried out in the state or among the different states. the main factors of labor migration are migrant workers who are defined as international migrants – by the international labor organization (ILO) – who, recently, are employed or unemployed or seeking a job in their homeland. (ILO, 2015).
This kind of transportation of people has various reasons that may be unemployment, high density of the country’s population, less income, and so on. The essential reason for labor migration is unemployment which remains the most social problem in Georgia. Unemployment is especially acute during a recession, that is when the gross domestic product decreases.
Labor migration has positive and negative outcomes. On the one hand, it is reviewed as hindering factor in terms of states’ economic development. However, is considered a strategy to save the country’s economy, as evidenced by remittances sent by immigrants. These remittances are a source and mean of existence for many families, which helps to enhance their economy.
Young migration is the process of changing residence by moving among states, carried out by people aged 18-35 to change their social situation through cross-border movement. XX century has contributed to the increase in the volume of transnational migration, in which young people are active participants. The estimated number of young migrants (aged 15 to 24) has increased from 22.1 million in 1990 to 31.7 million in 2020. In 2020, young migrants accounted for 11.3 percent of the total migrant population and 2.6 percent of youth worldwide (UN DESA). , 2020).6 .05. 2021.
International Migration
International migration suggests young people the opportunity to secure a better life for themselves and their families, pursue educational aspirations, build up their professional skills and prospects, or satisfy their desire for personal development through the adventures and challenges that come with living abroad. The main reason for migration among young people is high unemployment and lack of decent work at home. The youth unemployment rate is at least twice the general unemployment rate in almost all states, and approximately 73 million young people are unemployed. Unfortunately, as a result, many young migrants often end up in exploitative and abusive work, including forced labor.
The greatest role in the development and transformation of the century is given to the youth because it represents a new generation with new knowledge and new ideas. Young people are the main force in the democratic and socio-economic development of any state. It is young people who are the initiators of change and innovators in various fields. When young people face many cultural challenges in the political, socio-economic, or cultural life of the state, this leads to their outflow to foreign countries in search of better living conditions, which is a direct factor negatively affecting the country’s demographic security.
The migration of young people is the most acute problem for Georgia due to its socio-economic and demographic consequences. According to the data of the national statistics service, as of January 1, 2022, the number of citizens who emigrated from Georgia abroad is 99,974, which is 34,6 percent more than the previous year. Their average is 15-64 years.[1] It Is known that unemployment, the main cause of labor migration, remains the most important social problem in Georgia. The outflow of citizens from Georgia is increasing every year. Visa-free travel also increased the number of asylum seekers from Georgia in EU countries.
A sociological survey was conducted in Georgia to study the emigration mood of young people. Students of different higher education institutions of Georgia where higher education institutions of Georgia were interviewed. The survey included more than 550 respondents (61% of them tuned out to be willing to emigrate). The purpose of the research was to determine the reasons, directions, and further plans for possible migration of students.[2]
The outcomes of the conducted survey showed up us that the emigration mood of the youth is quite strong, more than half of the interviewees are psychologically ready to go abroad and will realize their intention as soon as the appropriate conditions are met. There are relatively more women among the respondents (60.2%). It is quite logical that the strong migratory mood of the youth is because most of them are unmarried. 9.2% of respondents are planning to leave shortly.
Due to the low price of the labor force in the country, the emigration sentiment is high among them. Most of the youth want to go to a foreign country to get an education (31.8%) and to enhance their knowledge of a foreign language (15.4%). 8.8 % cite lack of prospects and impossibility of self-realization in their homeland as the reason for emigration, more than a quarter of respondents (25.7%) are motivated by the desire to level up material conditions and the desire to live and work abroad.
11.4 % of respondents face some obstacles from family. According to the attitude of the absolute majority of the interviewed youth (84.0 %), sooner or later they will return to their homeland after going abroad. Only 2.8 % have already planned that if they leave, they will never return to their homeland. A detailed analysis of the outcomes of the sociological survey once again affirms the fact that the economic situation created in Georgia stimulates large-scale external migration processes. It is also worth noting the fact that a rather significant part of potential migrants is the youth who are in the most active, able-bodied, and reproductive age.
Conclusion
Naturally, youth migration will harm the economy and demographic potential of Georgia. Young people (16-29_ are more pretentious. That is why the respondents named finding a high-salary job and accumulating money for the business as the main condition for returning to their homeland. This condition dominates in other groups as well, but it is more pronounced in youth, which, undoubtedly, should be taken into account when developing employment policy and salary policies. The return of the main parts of the youth will not happen without these conditions, which will bring us an even grated demographic loss and aggravate the existing demographic crisis.
If we consider as a starting point that immigration is inevitable due to human mobility in today’s conditions, the approaches of the states to achieve the maximum benefit from these prices are different. For instance, in Safran Geri, immigration is considered one of the important sources of economic and demographic growth. Therefore, the role of the state is to successfully use its advantages, that is, to attract more qualified, enterprising, wealthy, young, and healthy people.
[1] Population Census – National Statistical Office
[2] A demographic attitude of the student youth of Georgia
By-
Maka Sosanidze, Gori State University,
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor
Lali Osadze, Gori State University,
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor
Nanuli kokashvili, Gori State University,
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor
Bibliography
- Jolia G. “International Economic Relationships” 2015
- Population Census – National Statistical Office
- Demographic Attitude of the student youth of Georgia 2020
- .https://www.Youth+migration%2C+recent+statistics&oq=Youth+migration%2C+recent+statistics&aqs=chrome.69i57j33i15i22i29i30.1526j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
- https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=32031373b84a1a08ad8ef02be75b322eaaf974f5f8062ef2d123a9f1dea753ceJmltdHM9MTY1MzY1MjE0NyZpZ3VpZD1jZjRlNDEwNy02NTNhLTQxYzEtOTg5ZC1jYTIyYmU0ZWQ5MGQmaW5zaWQ9NTE0MA&ptn=3&fclid=03884daa-ddb3-11ec-84c8-6811b0c6978f&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9zaXRlcy5nb29nbGUuY29tL3NpdGUvbWFyaWFtY2hva2hlbGk5NTE5L2thcnR2ZWxpLWVtaWdyYW50ZWJp&ntb=1
