In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak, which is mainly responsible for respiratory tract infection (RTI) in Wuhan, China is known as Nobel CoronaVirus according to WHO and till 29th March 2020 there has been approximately 33,000 deaths occurred and more than 6,00,000 peoples are confirmed as a suspect. There is no doubt that this virus, also known as SARS-CoV-2 is generated due to Natural selection through mutation from their ancestors. The evidence is that- the overall molecular structure and backbone of SARS-CoV-2 is nearly similar to other RNA viruses under coronaviridae family. Being a (+)ssRNA virus and presence of RNA dependent RNA polymerase independent proofreading activity they show a higher mutation rate and also a larger genome ranging 20-27 kb compared to other RNA viruses. The modification of spike / ‘S’ protein (present on the surface) and the presence of Furin protein (cleavage of other proteins to make binding tightly for the virus) makes this virus pandemic. Primary treatment-maintaining distance and self-isolation are very necessary for supportive therapy. Antiviral drug- inhibits the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (eg: Remdisivir, Tilarone). ACE-2 binding inhibitors Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine are beneficial. After infection, Cytokine storms increase the release of IL6, IL2, IL1, INF factors, which can be prevented by immunosuppressive drugs(eg: Tocilizumab). Mesenchymal stem cells help to repair the damaged lung tissue. Furin protein inhibitor – decarboxylate arginine mimetics is also highly potential in this purpose. At last, we should remember carefully that – there is a chance of drug resistivity in the virus. So multiple drug therapy should be used to combat COVID-19.
The naturally selected SARS-CoV-2 viruses are actually evolved by mutation of the Receptor Binding Domain which is present in its spike. This virus is not generally airborne, and It’s not produced by any kind of Genetically Engineering process and also it’s not human-made. It’s the only Mutation by which this virus could transmit from animals to humans, the vector is not known. Many researchers said that Bat is responsible for spreading this because there is 96% similarity between bat coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2. But some researchers also said that it’s a pangolin because there is a similarity of RBD structure with COVID-19. The perfusion trimeric spike when binding with the membrane of the cells with the help of ACE-2 receptors there is a sequential formation of S1-NTDs through genes captured by spike and S1-CTDs after gene duplication of S1-NTDs. The S1-CTDs is Nobel protein receptors because of their fast pace evolution resulting in the deletion of evolutionary traces. Primarily It’s very necessary for us to prevent this virus from spreading, then prevention. RNA is a very reactive and unstable genetic material, when this virus mutates at first-rate, there are no chances to recover the mistakes that happened at the time of genetic code formation. More this virus will spread, there are chances to get their drug resistivity.
Epidemic preparedness for the Future: The COVID-19 is the result of natural selection so there is a chance to be infected by this virus in the future. Natural selection occurred after mutation and the mutation is a long process. Maybe this virus will come back through different vectors or maybe the vector will be human, unfortunately. The point is to be noted that the bat is a mammal, this virus can survive within it, tolerate the body temperature, and becomes pathogenic after mutation when it enters the human body. That means very clearly- the mutation process was begun so many years ago but the result comes now. If the applied vaccines and drugs make the virus deactivate or block their transcription process, replication process, the virus may show resistivity or it will gain adaptation power to reactive itself through the mutation process after many years. Then the human will become the vector from the host.
So we need a regular basis health checkup monthly or twice a year to overcome this kind of disease. Here are some methods which can be applied :
- Provide health education and guidance on hygienists in every school. If needed extra subject may be added to this topic
- Each employee, working in government or private sectors should give a copy of their serological test once a year to their regional medical officer.
- Every railway junction, airports, and bus terminals should keep a test kit where anyone can check-in free of cost.
- Every school and college should keep a test kit to check the student’s health.
- Every college or university has to make a fund every year to give it to a donation camp when this type of situation comes.
- At the time of admission to the college, every student has to give a medical certificate of a serological test that they aren’t affected by the viral disease this time.
- Human health and disease-related play store apps will be helpful where people can send their problems, this will help to make data on this disease.
- Every medical institution has to make a training crash course in the first year for every student just to handle this type of disease in an emergency condition.
- We need research laboratories as much as we can.
- We need experts on epidemic-like diseases.
- For Express trains and Superfast trains, medical staff may be recruited to check passengers’ health status.
Conclusion: Speed and accuracy are the keys to identification and detection. The genetic sequence helps to make vaccines and therapeutic treatments in this kind of case but this identification process is very critical. Moreover, it’s also very important to stop the spread, staying home is the best way.
Acknowledgment: There may be different ways to control this disease. These viruses have RNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme which doesn’t have a proofreading activity. If this problem is solved by genetic engineering, maybe some advantage will come out.
